National Health Policy Forum

Private Markets

In the context of health policy, “private markets” encompasses the activities of private sector entities that finance and deliver health care and their interactions with the public sector. Virtually all health care services, even those financed by public programs like Medicare and Medicaid, are provided by private hospitals, physicians, and clinics that interact in local markets. These interactions, along with governmental incentives and constraints, shape access to and the quality and costs of health care services. Governments’ interventions in protecting consumers through regulation, providing a health care safety net, and being an insurer are influential as well. States, in particular, play significant roles in regulating insurance, licensing providers, and administering Medicaid and the Children’s Health Insurance Program (CHIP).

The Forum’s work in this area focuses primarily on health insurance design and regulation in the large group, small group, and individual markets; the organization, financing, and delivery of health care services; and the health care workforce. In addition, the Forum has conducted a series of site visits to study market dynamics in local communities.

Search Results for Private Markets

Forum SessionDecember 9, 2011
Medicare Supplemental Coverage: Weighing the Consequences and Trade-Offs for Medicare Spending and Beneficiaries
Author: Kathryn Linehan

Forum SessionDecember 2, 2011
Mission Possible? Saving on Health Care Costs by Reducing Unnecessary Services
Author: Michele J. Orza, ScD

Forum SessionOctober 21, 2011
Review and Disclosure of Health Insurance Premium Changes: State and Federal Roles After PPACA
Author: Kathryn Linehan

Special BriefingOctober 14, 2011
Reengineering Health Care Delivery: What Lies Ahead?
Author: Lisa Sprague

Issue Brief No. 844September 28, 2011
Individual and Small-Group Market Health Insurance Rate Review and Disclosure: State and Federal Roles After PPACA
Author: Kathryn Linehan

Forum SessionJuly 29, 2011
Fiscal Pressure and Hospital Financial Position
Authors: Laura A. Dummit & Kathryn Linehan

Forum SessionJune 24, 2011
Tiered Provider Networks: Steps to Cost Containment?
Author: Kathryn Linehan

Site VisitMay 31–June 2, 2011
Rocky Mountain Highs and Lows: Efforts to Improve Health and Reduce Costs in Denver
Authors: Michele J. Orza, ScD & Jessamy Taylor

Forum SessionMay 20, 2011
Medicare's Vision of Accountable Care Organizations: Will Providers Have the Same View?
Author: Laura A. Dummit

Forum SessionApril 15, 2011
Private Long-Term Care Insurance: Where Is the Market Heading?
Author: Sally Coberly, PhD

Forum SessionMarch 25, 2011
Been There, Done That, Bought the Practice? Why Hospital Employment of Physicians Is Rising Again
Author: Kathryn Linehan

Fundamentals BriefingFebruary 25, 2011
Health Policy Essentials: The Fundamentals of Private Health Insurance
Author: Kathryn Linehan

Fundamentals BriefingFebruary 18, 2011
Health Policy Essentials: The Fundamentals of Health Care Spending, Growth, and Managing Costs
Author: Laura A. Dummit

Briefing BookFebruary 11, 2011
Health Policy Essentials

Forum SessionJanuary 21, 2011
Oral Health Update: Ten Years After the Surgeon General’s Report
Author: Jessamy Taylor

Issue Brief No. 840December 21, 2010
Self-Insurance and the Potential Effects of Health Reform on the Small-Group Market
Author: Kathryn Linehan

Forum SessionDecember 10, 2010
Insurer-Provider Payment Negotiations: Implications for Health Spending
Author: Mary Ellen Stahlman

Forum SessionOctober 15, 2010
Transforming Primary Care: Implications for Practice Design and Workforce
Authors: Lisa Sprague & Rob Cunningham, Consultant

Background Paper No. 80October 12, 2010
Premium Assistance: An Update
Author: Cynthia Shirk, Consultant

Forum SessionOctober 8, 2010
The Cost of Hospital Care
Author: Laura A. Dummit

Forum SessionSeptember 17, 2010
Focus on Reform: Employer-Sponsored Insurance
Author: Kathryn Linehan

Forum SessionJuly 22, 2010
Focus on Reform: How a Law Becomes a Reg - Regulatory Processes to Implement Legislation
Author: Judith D. Moore

Background Paper No. 76July 6, 2010
Tapping the Potential of the Health Care Workforce: Scope-of-Practice and Payment Policies for Advanced Practice Nurses and Physician Assistants
Author: Robert Cunningham, Consultant

Issue Brief No. 837June 24, 2010
Keeping Health Insurance After a Job Loss: COBRA Continuation Coverage and Subsidies
Author: Kathryn Linehan

Forum SessionJune 21, 2010
Health Care Cost Drivers in Massachusetts: Lessons for Federal Policymakers
Author: Mary Ellen Stahlman

Site VisitJune 2–4, 2010
Heath Care Spending: Why Is Miami an Outlier?
Authors: Laura A. Dummit & Mary Ellen Stahlman

Forum SessionMay 14, 2010
Focus on Reform: Private Health Insurance Provisions
Author: Kathryn Linehan

Forum SessionMay 7, 2010
Focus on Reform: Medicaid Coverage Expansions
Author: Christie Provost Peters

Forum SessionApril 30, 2010
Recession and Budgets: Where Do States Stand for 2011 and Beyond?
Author: Christie Provost Peters

Forum SessionApril 16, 2010
Transforming Health Care Delivery: Insights from the New Orleans Safety Net
Authors: Jessamy Taylor & Michele J. Orza, ScD

Forum SessionMarch 12, 2010
Not Your Father's Drug Approval Process: FDAAA and the Evolving Pharmaceutical Marketplace
Author: Michele J. Orza, ScD

Forum SessionFebruary 26, 2010
Assessing and Ensuring Health Plan Provider Network Adequacy
Author: Kathryn Linehan

Forum SessionJanuary 14, 2010
Health Information Exchange: Building the Infrastructure for Better Care
Authors: Rob Cunningham, Consultant & Lisa Sprague

Forum SessionNovember 13, 2009
Health Care Provider Consolidation and Reform
Author: Laura A. Dummit

Forum SessionNovember 6, 2009
Fit for the Job: What Can Workplace Wellness Programs Deliver?
Author: Kathryn Linehan

Forum SessionOctober 30, 2009
Prevention and Early Detection of Health Care Fraud, Abuse, and Waste
Author: Mary Ellen Stahlman

Small-Group SessionJuly 17, 2009
Encouraging Cost-Reducing Innovations in Health Care: New Technology Apps, New Business Models
Author: Lisa Sprague

Forum SessionJune 26, 2009
Proposals to Reform the Individual Health Insurance Market
Author: Kathryn Linehan

Issue Brief No. 832June 5, 2009
A Health Insurance Exchange: Prototypes and Design Issues
Author: Mark Merlis, Consultant

Background Paper No. 69June 4, 2009
Underwriting in the Non-Group Health Insurance Market: The Fundamentals
Author: Kathryn Linehan

Small-Group SessionMay 8, 2009
Issues in Health Insurance Reform: Federal/State Regulatory Roles, Subsidy Administration
Author: Sally Coberly, PhD

Issue Brief No. 831April 21, 2009
Show Me the Money: The Implications of Schedule H
Author: Eileen Salinsky, Consultant

Background Paper No. 67April 21, 2009
Schedule H: New Community Benefit Reporting Requirements for Hospitals
Author: Eileen Salinsky, Consultant

Small-Group SessionApril 15, 2009
Issues in Health Insurance Reform: More on Insurance Exchanges
Author: Sally Coberly, PhD

Small-Group SessionApril 7, 2009
Issues in Health Insurance Reform: Actuarial Equivalence
Author: Sally Coberly, PhD

Small-Group SessionMarch 20, 2009
Issues in Health Insurance Reform: Rating in the Small-Group Market, Merging the Individual and Small-Group Markets, and Risk Adjustment
Author: Sally Coberly, PhD

Small-Group SessionMarch 6, 2009
Issues in Health Insurance Reform: Health Insurance Exchanges
Author: Sally Coberly, PhD

Small-Group SessionFebruary 19, 2009
Issues in Health Insurance Reform: The Nuts and Bolts of Rating Rules in the Individual Insurance Market
Author: Sally Coberly, PhD

Fundamentals BriefingFebruary 6, 2009
Medicaid, Employers, and Medigap: Wrapping Around Medicare
Author: Mary Ellen Stahlman

Fundamentals BriefingJanuary 30, 2009
The World of Prescription Drugs: Approvals, Pricing, and Purchasing
Authors: Laura A. Dummit & Mary Ellen Stahlman

ToolsDecember 12, 2008
Glossary of Health Insurance Terms
Author:

Small-Group SessionDecember 3, 2008
Issues in Health Insurance Reform: Underwriting, Rating, and Regulation in the Individual Market
Author: Sally Coberly, PhD

Small-Group SessionNovember 21, 2008
Preview of RAND Health's COMPARE (Comprehensive Assessment of Reform Efforts) Initiative
Author: Sally Coberly, PhD

Forum SessionNovember 14, 2008
A Tale of Three Cities: Local Health Care Markets and Health Care Reform
Authors: Laura A. Dummit & Lisa Sprague

Forum SessionNovember 13, 2008
Medical Imaging Services: Utilization, Spending, and Appropriateness
Author: Laura A. Dummit

Small-Group SessionMay 2, 2008
Physician Income and Medical Practice Differences Across Specialties: Should Medicare Care?
Author: Laura A. Dummit

Forum SessionApril 11, 2008
Employer Use of Medicare Private Fee-for-Service Plans as a Retiree Health Benefit
Author: Mary Ellen Stahlman

The BasicsMarch 25, 2008
HIPAA Coverage Provisions
Author: Lisa Sprague

Site VisitMarch 16–18, 2008
Competition and Collaboration, Chicago-Style
Authors: Laura A. Dummit & Lisa Sprague

Fundamentals BriefingFebruary 21–22, 2008
Insurance 101: The Fundamentals of Private Health Insurance
Author: Sally Coberly, PhD

Forum SessionJanuary 17, 2008
Running Up the Health Care Tab: Will We Have Buyer's Remorse?
Authors: Mary Ellen Stahlman & Christie Provost Peters

Forum SessionNovember 9, 2007
Shampoo, Sunscreen, and Strep Tests: The Retail Approach to Primary Care
Author: Lisa Sprague

Issue Brief No. 825September 10, 2007
Physician Profiling: Can Medicare Paint an Accurate Picture?
Author: Laura A. Dummit

Forum SessionJuly 20, 2007
Behavioral Health in the Workplace: How are Employers Managing Mental Health and Disability?
Author: Christopher W. Loftis, PhD

Forum SessionJuly 13, 2007
What Can Physician Profiling Do for Medicare?
Author: Laura A. Dummit

Background PaperApril 23, 2007
The Fundamentals of Health Savings Accounts and High-Deductible Health Plans
Authors: Beth Fuchs, PhD & Lisa Potetz, Consultants

Issue Brief No. 821April 19, 2007
What Have You Done for Me Lately? Assessing Hospital Community Benefit
Author: Eileen Salinsky

Site VisitApril 3–5, 2007
Competition and Collaboration: The Spirit of St. Louis
Authors: Laura A. Dummit & Lisa Sprague

Background PaperMarch 28, 2007
Health Care Price Transparency and Price Competition
Author: Mark Merlis, Consultant

Forum SessionSeptember 22, 2006
Specialty-Service Lines: Healthy Competition or Arms Race?
Author: Lisa Sprague

Forum SessionJuly 27, 2006
Canary in the Coal Mine or Crying Wolf? Examining Crowding in America's Emergency Departments
Author: Jessamy Taylor

Issue Brief No. 811July 7, 2006
Don't Bring Me Your Tired, Your Poor: The Crowded State of America's Emergency Departments
Author: Jessamy Taylor

Forum SessionJune 20, 2006
Health Care for All in Massachusetts: Implications for a Changing Safety Net
Authors: Laura A. Dummit & Lisa Sprague

Forum SessionJune 14, 2006
“Mental Health: Progress and Pitfalls,” the Health Affairs Special Issue—A Discussion of Trends in Mental Health Services
Author: Christopher W. Loftis, PhD

Forum SessionMarch 17, 2006
Physician Spending Growth: Do We Get What We Pay For?
Author: Laura A. Dummit

Forum SessionFebruary 24, 2006
Financing Health Care in Retirement: A Day Late and a Dollar Short?
Author: Sally Coberly, PhD

Background PaperFebruary 8, 2006
Health Benefits in Retirement: Set for Extinction?
Author: Mark Merlis, Consultant

Site VisitDecember 4–6, 2005
Redesigning Practice to Improve Care Delivery (Boston)
Authors: Laura A. Dummit & Lisa Sprague

Special BriefingNovember 30, 2005
The Bean, the Cod and the Medical Establishment: A Boston Market Overview
Authors: Laura A. Dummit & Lisa Sprague

Forum SessionSeptember 23, 2005
Location, Location, Location: Market Characteristics and Private Payer Health Care Spending
Author: Laura A. Dummit

Forum SessionJuly 28, 2005
Containing Health Care Costs for Active Employees: What's New in Health Plan Design?
Authors: Lisa Sprague & Sally Coberly, PhD

Issue Brief No. 804July 13, 2005
Specialty Hospitals: Can General Hospitals Compete?
Author: Laura A. Dummit

Forum SessionJuly 8, 2005
Parity Is in the Eye of the Beholder: Evaluation of Mental Health Parity Under the FEHB Program
Author: Eileen Salinsky

Fundamentals BriefingApril 22 and May 6, 2005
Insurance 101: The Fundamentals of Private Health Insurance
Authors: Sally Coberly, PhD & Lisa Sprague

Background PaperApril 19, 2005
Health Insurance Coverage for Small Employers
Author: Dawn M. Gencarelli

Background PaperApril 13, 2005
Fundamentals of Underwriting in the Nongroup Health Insurance Market: Access to Coverage and Options for Reform
Author: Mark Merlis, Consultant

Background PaperApril 11, 2005
Health Savings Accounts: The Fundamentals
Authors: Beth Fuchs, PhD & Julie A. James, Consultants

Forum SessionMarch 4, 2005
Cost, Quality, Access: Balancing the Health Policy Triumvirate
Author: Eileen Salinsky

Forum SessionOctober 22, 2004
Financing Long-Term Care: Will Insurance Make the Difference?
Author: Randy A. Desonia

Background PaperJuly 31, 2004
The Promise and the Reality of Long-Term Care Insurance
Author: Randy A. Desonia

Issue Brief No. 798May 14, 2004
Consumer Cost Sharing in Private Health Insurance: On the Threshold of Change
Author: Veronica V. Goff, Consultant

Forum SessionMay 7, 2004
Implementing the Health Coverage Tax Credit Program: Model for the Future?
Author: Sally Coberly, PhD

Forum SessionJanuary 27, 2004
Toward Safer, Better, More Accountable Health Care: A Conversation with George Halvorson
Authors: Lisa Sprague & Sally Coberly, PhD

Site VisitNovember 6–7, 2003
Rural Health Care in the Electronic Age (Danville, PA)
Authors: Lisa Sprague & Nora Super

Forum SessionSeptember 25, 2003
The Medicare Prescription Drug Proposals and Health Insurance Risk
Author: Dawn M. Gencarelli

Issue Brief No. 793September 4, 2003
The Medicare Prescription Drug Proposals and Health Insurance Risk
Author: Dawn M. Gencarelli

Forum SessionJuly 30, 2003
The Geography of Medicare: Explaining Differences in Payment and Costs
Author: Nora Super

Forum SessionJuly 9, 2003
Preferred Provider Organizations: Bringing the Mainstream to Medicare?
Author: Lisa Sprague

Issue Brief No. 792July 3, 2003
The Geography of Medicare: Explaining Differences in Payment and Costs
Author: Nora Super

Forum SessionJune 6, 2003
Depression in Primary Care: Making Good Care Good Business
Author: Veronica V. Goff, Consultant

Issue Brief No. 786November 22, 2002
Depression: A Decade of Progress, More to Do
Author: Veronica V. Goff, Consultant

Issue Brief No. 785November 15, 2002
U.S. Childhood Vaccine Availability: Legal, Regulatory, and Economic Complexities
Author: Robin J. Strongin, Consultant

Small-Group SessionOctober 11, 2002
Waiting for the Next Vision: Purchasing Health Care in Uncertain Times
Authors: Lisa Sprague & Sally Coberly, PhD

Forum SessionOctober 2, 2002
Medigap: Prevalence, Premiums, and Opportunities for Reform
Author: Nora Super

Issue Brief No. 782September 9, 2002
Medigap: Prevalence, Premiums, and Opportunities for Reform
Author: Nora Super

Background PaperAugust 28, 2002
Expanding Health Coverage for the Uninsured: Fundamentals of the Tax Credit Option
Authors: Beth Fuchs, PhD, Mark Merlis & Julie James, Consultants

Forum SessionJuly 18, 2002
Managing Advanced Illness: A Quality and Cost Challenge to Medicare, Medicaid, and Private Insurers
Author: Karen Matherlee

Issue Brief No. 779June 20, 2002
Managing Advanced Illness: A Quality and Cost Challenge to Medicare, Medicaid, and Private Insurers
Author: Karen Matherlee

Forum SessionApril 26, 2002
Pharmacy Benefits: New Concepts in Plan Design
Authors: Veronica V. Goff, Consultant & Sally Coberly, PhD

Issue Brief No. 772March 8, 2002
Pharmacy Benefits: New Concepts in Plan Design
Author: Veronica V. Goff, Consultant

Background PaperJanuary 25, 2002
From Diagnosis to Payment: The Dynamics of Coding Systems for Hospital, Physician, and Other Health Services
Author: Karen Matherlee

Site VisitJanuary 8–11, 2002
Managed Care: As Good As It Gets? (Los Angeles)
Authors: Lisa Sprague & Sally Coberly, PhD

Background PaperNovember 2001
Meeting Employees' Information Needs in an Evolving Health Care Marketplace
Author: Lise Rybowski, Consultant

Forum SessionOctober 23, 2001
Terrorism and Mental Health: Private-Sector Responses and Issues for Policymakers
Author: Veronica V. Goff, Consultant

Issue Brief No. 765July 9, 2001
Pharmacy Benefit Managers: A Model for Medicare?
Author: Veronica V. Goff, Consultant

Forum SessionJuly 9, 2001
Pharmacy Benefit Managers: A Model for Medicare?
Author: Veronica V. Goff, Consultant

Forum SessionDecember 1, 2000
Using Arbitration to Resolve Disputes between Individuals and Health Plans: Issues for Federal Policymakers
Author: Karl Polzer

Background PaperNovember 2000
Emerging Issues in the Use of Binding Arbitration to Resolve Disputes between Individuals and Health Plans
Author: Karl Polzer

Issue Brief No. 758September 8, 2000
Medicare+Choice: Where to from Here?
Author: Nora Super

Forum SessionSeptember 8, 2000
Medicare+Choice: Where to from Here?
Author: Nora Super

WorkshopApril 27–28, 2000
Hospital-Based Health Care Systems: The Post-BBA Era
Authors: Nora Super, Lisa Sprague & Karen Matherlee

Site VisitApril 10–11, 2000
Site Visit to Seattle — University of Washington Academic Medical Center
Author: Karen Matherlee

Site VisitMarch 20, 2000
Site Visit to Detroit — Henry Ford Health System
Author: Lisa Sprague

Site VisitMarch 16–17, 2000
Site Visit to Richmond and Hampton Roads — Bon Secours Health System, Inc.
Author: Nora Super

Forum SessionFebruary 18, 2000
ERISA Health Plan Liability: Examining Models for Reform
Author: Karl Polzer

Background PaperJanuary 2000
ERISA Health Plan Liability: Issues and Options for Reform
Author: Karl Polzer

Issue Brief No. 749October 27, 1999
The ABCs of PBMs
Author: Robin J. Strongin

Forum SessionOctober 27, 1999
The ABCs of PBMs
Author: Robin J. Strongin

Issue Brief No. 747September 17, 1999
A Chicken (Nugget?) in Every Pot: What's at Stake in the Budget Debate
Author: Karl Polzer

Forum SessionSeptember 17, 1999
A Chicken (Nugget?) in Every Pot: What's at Stake in the Budget Debate
Author: Karl Polzer

Issue Brief No. 745July 20, 1999
Mental Health Coverage Parity: Separating Wheat from Chaff
Author: Karl Polzer

Forum SessionJuly 20, 1999
Mental Health Coverage Parity: Separating Wheat from Chaff
Author: Karl Polzer

Forum SessionMay 3, 1999
HIPAA as a Regulatory Model — Part II: Views from Capitol Hill
Author: Karl Polzer

Issue Brief No. 735April 5, 1999
HIPAA as a Regulatory Model: Early Experiences and Future Prospects
Author: Karl Polzer

Forum SessionApril 5, 1999
HIPAA as a Regulatory Model: Early Experiences and Future Prospects
Author: Karl Polzer

Issue Brief No. 734March 30, 1999
Margins As Measures: Gauging Hospitals' Financial Health
Author: Karen Matherlee

Forum SessionMarch 30, 1999
Margins As Measures: Gauging Hospitals' Financial Health
Author: Karen Matherlee

Issue Brief No. 733March 24, 1999
Examining the Links between Retirement and Health Insurance: Implications for Medicare Eligibility
Author: Nora Super

Issue Brief No. 730February 5, 1999
Medicare HMO Pullouts: What Do They Portend for the Future of Medicare+Choice?
Author: Nora Super

Forum SessionFebruary 5, 1999
Medicare HMO Pullouts: What Do They Portend for the Future of Medicare+Choice?
Author: Nora Super

Site VisitNovember 17–20, 1998
Site Visit to Southern California — Plans and Providers: Risk, Accountability, and Staying Power
Authors: Lisa Sprague & Sandra M. Foote

Issue Brief No. 728November 12, 1998
Retooling Tax Subsidies for Health Coverage: Old Ideas, New Politics
Author: Karl Polzer

Forum SessionNovember 12, 1998
Retooling Tax Subsidies for Health Coverage: Old Ideas, New Politics
Author: Karl Polzer

Issue Brief No. 727November 9, 1998
Physician Organizations Assuming Risk: Market and Policy Implications
Authors: Sandra M. Foote & Lisa Sprague

Forum SessionNovember 9, 1998
Physician Organizations Assuming Risk: Market and Policy Implications
Authors: Sandra M. Foote & Lisa Sprague

Site VisitOctober 27–30, 1998
Site Visit to Utah and Nevada — Essential Community Health Services on the Frontier
Authors: Karen Matherlee & Michael Anzick

Issue Brief No. 724September 18, 1998
Protecting the Confidentiality of Health Information
Author: Nora Super

Forum SessionSeptember 18, 1998
Protecting the Confidentiality of Health Information
Author: Nora Super

Background PaperJuly 1998
Protecting the Confidentiality of Health Information
Author: Lise Rybowski, Consultant

Issue Brief No. 720June 19, 1998
ERISA Health Plan Denials: Exploring Models for External Review
Author: Karl Polzer

Forum SessionJune 19, 1998
ERISA Health Plan Denials: Exploring Models for External Review
Author: Karl Polzer

Issue Brief No. 715March 12, 1998
The Federal Employees Health Benefits Program: What Lessons Can It Offer Policymakers?
Author: Karl Polzer

Forum SessionMarch 12, 1998
The Federal Employees Health Benefits Program: What Lessons Can It Offer Policymakers?
Author: Karl Polzer

Site VisitFebruary 18–20, 1998
Site Visit to Northern California — Risk, Accountability, and Staying Power in Next-Generation Managed Care
Authors: Lisa Sprague & Sandra M. Foote

Forum SessionOctober 15, 1997
Preempting State Authority to Regulate Association Plans: Where Might It Take Us?
Author: Karl Polzer

Issue Brief No. 653July 28, 1994
Small Group Market Health Insurance Purchasing Cooperatives Revisited
Author: Karl Polzer